With breakthrough results successively been achieved in rescent years,microbial fuel cell technology is becoming a rapid evolving field in abroad and be given much attention by researchers as a novel notion for wastewater treatment.The principle and characteristics of microbial fuel cell technology were briefly introduced,the research progress of the technology was reviewed,and the latest research results in aspects of electricity-producing bacterial communities,mediator and electrode materials were emphatically introduced together with the analysis of the existing problems.Finally,the breakthrough direction of the research on microbial fuel cell technology was indicated.