最佳显著性理论
心理学
积极倾听
召回
认知心理学
对比度(视觉)
编码(社会科学)
沟通
社会心理学
计算机科学
人工智能
数学
统计
作者
Tyler M. Ensor,Tyler D. Bancroft,William E. Hockley
出处
期刊:Experimental psychology
[Hogrefe Publishing Group]
日期:2019-03-01
卷期号:66 (2): 134-153
被引量:13
标识
DOI:10.1027/1618-3169/a000437
摘要
Abstract. The picture-superiority effect (PSE) refers to the finding that, all else being equal, pictures are remembered better than words ( Paivio & Csapo, 1973 ). Dual-coding theory (DCT; Paivio, 1991 ) is often used to explain the PSE. According to DCT, pictures are more likely to be encoded imaginally and verbally than words. In contrast, distinctiveness accounts attribute the PSE to pictures’ greater distinctiveness compared to words. Some distinctiveness accounts emphasize physical distinctiveness ( Mintzer & Snodgrass, 1999 ) while others emphasize conceptual distinctiveness ( Hamilton & Geraci, 2006 ). We attempt to distinguish among these accounts by testing for an auditory analog of picture superiority. Although this phenomenon, termed the auditory PSE, occurs in free recall ( Crutcher & Beer, 2011 ), we were unable to extend it to recognition across four experiments. We propose a new framework for understanding the PSE, wherein dual coding underpins the free-recall PSE, but conceptual distinctiveness underpins the recognition PSE.
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