Narcissism, Assessment of

Growing interest in the assessment of narcissism has generated a plethora of research into the construct, both as a personality trait (trait narcissism) and as a disorder (Narcissistic Personality Disorder). Narcissism is characterized by grandiosity, entitlement, sense of superiority, and self-enhancement. As a trait, narcissism has also been researched as part of the Dark Triad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy) and within the framework of the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Concept (NARC) model. Traditionally, narcissism is assessed through self-report inventories, such as the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) and the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (NARQ). Measures of egotism have also been developed.