Fate and Transport of PPCPs in the Environment: A Review on Occurrences, Sources, and Cases

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment have been intensively studied recently. These compounds can cause serious problem in environment. Intake of these compounds in low concentration can threat human health due to its reactivity and chemical composition. Occurrences of PPCPs in environments are important to recognize in order to draw broad understanding on which mitigation of PPCPs can be deliberated. This review provides general information about occurrence of PPCPs. Moreover, sources of PPCPs in the environment are comprehensively explained. The fate and transport mechanisms of PPCPs are summarized based on important studies of selected groups of PPCPs which conducted through years based on several previous study cases are mentioned and elaborated to pinpoint the existence of these pollutants. In the end, identification of the current research limitation and further recommendations are proposed for improving mitigation process and addressing further research.