Near-IR Absorbing D–A–D Zn-Porphyrin-Based Small-Molecule Donors for Organic Solar Cells with Low-Voltage Loss

value for VC5 may be attributed to the extended absorption spectrum toward the longer wavelength region. Moreover, the relatively high FF value for VC5-based OSCs as compared to the VC4 counterparts may be related to the more balanced charge transport in the active layer, reduced charge recombination, and efficient charge collection. The energy loss for VC5 is smaller (0.52 eV) than that for VC4 (0.56 eV).