Review on the Application of Modified Starches as Sustainable Biodegradable Packaging

ABSTRACT Packaging is essential in the food industry for various purposes. However, the widespread use of plastic packaging has led to many issues including environmental issues such as plastic waste and pollution and in the deterioration of food qualities. Hence, as a solution, biodegradable packaging materials like bioplastics, particularly starch‐based options are being explored and used as an alternative to replace the traditional plastics. Starch based materials are commonly used due to their abundance, cost‐effectiveness, and biodegradability. This study explores the use of modified starch in food packaging, it discusses the various benefits and potential of starch‐based bioplastics as well as their limitations such as their strength, water resistance, film durability and moisture sensitivity, which hinder their broader use. Thus, this paper will also discuss the various modifications of starch to enhance their performance, such as blending with natural fibers, the use of nanotechnology, and chemical cross‐linking, to improve mechanical strength, water resistance, and durability. Additionally, the potential of modified starch as a sustainable, biodegradable alternative to traditional plastic packaging will be examined, with a focus on overcoming current limitations. In summary, the present work reviews recent advancements, highlights ongoing challenges, and outlines future research directions needed to advance starch‐based packaging. Through innovation and continued development, modified starch holds promise as a sustainable material that could contribute to reducing plastic waste in food packaging.