Homogenization of multicomponent composite orthotropic materials using FEA

This paper demonstrates a simple finite element implementation of Lagrange multipliers to model the mechanical behaviour of an orthotropic composite material. The research shows the proper set of kinematic boundary conditions that must be applied in 2D plane stress elasticity to achieve the correct unit strain vectors that, upon interrogation of the associated Lagrange multipliers, give the stresses induced by these strain vectors. From these stresses the terms in the elasticity matrix can be evaluated. As well as demonstrating the correct kinematic conditions required, the paper presents the consequences of applying intuitive but incorrect conditions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.