Overall, people these days are more at risk in their everyday lives than when they are at work, largely owing to the remarkable contributions made by sanitary science to public health, so that since 1900 causes of death have changed completely. However, this statistical picture of a healthier nation conceals considerable differences in health status between social classes, so that a different approach is required by public health professionals. Therefore health agencies in Sheffield are collaborating with trade union safety committees and community and ethnic minority groups in adopting health promotion policies with regard to clear air, healthy food, physical fitness and safety at work.