Factors affecting the motion of the polar headgroup in phospholipid bilayers. A 31P NMR study of unsonicated phosphatidylcholine liposomes

(1) The 129 MHz and 36.4 MHz 31P NMR spectra of unsonicated liposomes consisting of phosphatidylcholines of varying chain length and unsaturation have been investigated. (2) In the liquid crystalline state the 31P NMR liposome spectra are similar for both saturated and unsaturated phosphatidylcholines, demonstrating that the motion of the polar headgroup is not sensitive to the fatty acid composition in the disordered liquid crystalline state. (3) Below the hydrocarbon phase transition temperature there is a marked increase in the linewidth of the 31P NMR liposome spectra, indicating a reduction in the motion of the polar headgroup. (4) The addition of equimolar concentrations of cholesterol to phosphatidylcholine eliminates phase transition effects experienced by the polar headgroup. The motion of the polar headgroup is then very similar to that obtained in the liquid crystalline state for pure phosphatidylcholine bilayers. (5) In the liquid crystalline state the motion of the polar headgroup in the phosphate region is insensitive to changes in the available area per phosphatidy]choline molecule.