Materials for next-generation lithium batteries

Likely developments awaiting the science and technology of next-generation lithium batteries form the focus of this article. New anode materials based on nano-structured carbons and lithium-alloying metals, novel eco-friendly cathode materials, safe and non-flammable aprotic electrolytes, and polymer electrolytes are discussed. Possible scenarios for improvements in existing or presumed battery active materials are suggested. Advances in the science and technology of lithium batteries are previewed with a prognosis of challenges and opportunities in the development of marketable materials and products.