In this review, the synthesis and biomedical application of Ag2S quantum dots(QDs) are comprehensively summarized with a particular focus on biological imaging and nanomedicine. For the first, the authors introduce the optical properties of Ag2S QDs, and then, the auhtors summarize a range of synthetic methods for Ag2S QDs. The subsequent section provides the applications of Ag2S QDs in optical imaging, photoacoustic imaging, sensing, optical tracking, and photothermal therapy. Finally, the authors provide insights into the overall situation, challenges, and future directions in this field.