Recent Advances on Catalysts Based on MoS₂: A Review on Diverse Applications

Abstract This review explores the versatile catalytic applications of molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), emphasizing its significance in chemical transformations. Out of various transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), MoS₂ has garnered considerable attention due to its high surface area, tunable band gap, and unique electronic properties, which collectively contribute to its exceptional catalytic efficiency. Its layered structure, enriched with active edge sites, facilitates strong chemical interactions and enables diverse applications in electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and cocatalysis. In electrocatalysis, MoS₂ demonstrates remarkable efficiency in hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions, with enhanced activity and stability achieved through nano‐structuring and surface modifications. As a photocatalyst, its ability to optimize band structures and promote charge separation makes it highly effective for water splitting and pollutant degradation. MoS 2 acts as an excellent cocatalyst to enhance the catalytic properties of various catalysts by modifying the surface area of adsorption, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production mechanism, and the microscopic process change through its active sites. The recent advancements in heterojunctions, nanocomposites, and hybrid materials of MoS 2 and their catalytic performance are also highlighted.