Limitations and future outlooks for char and its composites in energy harvesting application

Abstract This book chapter explores the recent advancements and future prospects of carbon materials, specifically char reinforced composites, in the field of energy harvesting. Carbon materials have gained significant attention due to their unique properties, such as high electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical strength. The incorporation of char, a carbon-rich residue obtained from the incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic matter, as a reinforcing agent in composites, has shown promising results in energy harvesting applications. The chapter begins with an overview of chars and their key properties that make them suitable for energy conversion and storage, including their ability to facilitate electron transfer and withstand harsh environmental conditions. The focus then shifts to char, highlighting its abundance as a by-product of various industrial processes and its potential as a reinforcement material in composites. Furthermore, the chapter discusses recent development and limitations faced by char and its composites in energy harvesting applications, including solar cells, thermoelectric generators, and supercapacitors. Finally, the chapter outlines the future directions and the potential for exploring novel carbon sources and the integration of char composites in emerging energy harvesting technologies.