Effects of polyethylene and biodegradable microplastics on photosynthesis, antioxidant defense systems, and arsenic accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings grown in arsenic-contaminated soils

Arsenic (As) and microplastic (MP) co-exposure is a major environmental problem in terrestrial ecosystems. Polyethylene and biodegradable plastics decompose into MP particles under microbial-mediated and weathering conditions. However, the effects of MP particles on physiological responses and As accumulation in maize have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, the effects of polyethylene microplastic particles (PEMPs) and biodegradable microplastic particles (BPMPs) on As accumulation, growth and physio-biochemical performance of maize seedlings (Zea mays L.) in As-contaminated soil were investigated. Our study showed that 10 % PE reduced As content in maize seedlings leaves (roots) by 41.19(34.53) μg kg-1, compared to the control. The 10 % BP reduced As content in maize seedlings leaves (roots) by 64.24 (57.27) μg kg-1. 10 % PE (10 % BP) reduced maize seedlings leaf area, total chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate by 5.05 % (21.68 %), 44.98 % (57.12 %) and 65.29 % (77.89 %) and increased H2O2 content by 38.04 % (179.6 %), respectively. The antioxidant defense system of maize seedlings leaves was damaged by PEMPs and As co-exposure. Maize seedlings has adapted to stress by regulating antioxidant enzyme activity and the AsA-GSH cycle under BPMPs and As co-exposure. This study provides new insights into the effects of PEMPs and BPMPs on phytotoxicity and As accumulation in As-contaminated soils. Preliminarily data suggests that BPMPs may exhibit greater toxic effects on maize seedlings than PEMPs, which warrants further exploration.