Inclusion of modified nano-magnesium hydroxide as an adjuvant flame retardant in the development of PLA/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites

For the preparation of thermal stable and flame-retardant polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposites two new modified nano-structures including imide-carboxylated chitosan modified Mg(OH) 2 (ICMH) and imide-silane functionalized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (ISHA) were prepared. The structure, morphology, and properties of ICMH and ISHA were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The PLA nanocomposites were prepared via solution casting method. The results of Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and SEM indicated a homogeneous structure for the PLA nanocomposites. The TGA results revealed that the presence of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA) led to increase the thermal resistance of the PLA nanocomposites containing Mg(OH) 2 (MDH). Compared to pure PLA, the T max value of the PLA sample containing 3 wt% of each filler (the PMH6 sample) enhanced from 364 °C to 372 °C. The results from the microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) test illustrated that the key parameter values of the PLA nanocomposites were reduced, as compared to the pure PLA. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) and heat release capacity (HRC) values of PMH6 decreased 27 % and 35 %, respectively, as compared to the pure PLA. Also, flammability of PMH6 was reduced, as compared to the pure PLA, with UL-94 V-1 rating and LOI value 26.8 %. Furthermore, the tensile strength of the mentioned sample increased from 36.04 MPa to 38.58 MPa.