Diagnostic performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Abstract Objective Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) can be a life-threatening opportunistic infection. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for PJP. Methods A comprehensive electronic literature search of Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang data was performed. Bivariate analysis was conducted to calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), the area under the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve and the Q-point value (Q*). Results The literature search resulted in 9 studies with a total of 1343 patients, including 418 cases diagnosed with PJP and 925 controls. The pooled sensitivity of mNGS for diagnosis of PJP was 0.974 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.953–0.987]. The pooled specificity was 0.943 (95% CI, 0.926–0.957), the DOR was 431.58 (95% CI, 186.77-997.27), the area under the SROC curve was 0.987, and the Q* was 0.951. The I 2 test indicated no heterogeneity between studies. The Deek funnel test suggested no potential publication bias. Subgroup analyses showed that the area under the SROC curve of mNGS for diagnosis of PJP in immunocompromised and non-HIV patients was 0.9852 and 0.979, respectively. Conclusions Current evidence indicates that mNGS exhibits excellent accuracy for the diagnosis of PJP. The mNGS is a promising tool for assessment of PJP in both immunocompromised and non-HIV patients.