Thermodynamics of Swelling of Poly(NIPAM‐ co ‐NTBA‐ co ‐HEAAm) Hydrogels

Abstract In the present study, poly( N ‐Isopropylacrylacrylamide‐ co ‐ N ‐tertiarybutylacrylamide‐ co ‐hydroxyethylcrylamide) (NIPAM‐ co ‐NTBA‐ co ‐HEAAm) hydrogels are prepared with variation of molar ratio of hydrophilic HEAAm and hydrophobic NTBA. The prepared hydrogels are characterized with elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermodynamics of swelling properties of poly(NIPAM‐ co ‐NTBA‐ co ‐HEAAm) hydrogels have also been discussed. The experimental C/N ratios are comparable with the theoretical value. The enthalpy change of mixing ∆ H mix , entropy change of mixing ∆ S mix , free energy change of mixing ∆ G mix are determined for swelling of hydrogels at 25 °C. The value of total free energy of hydrogel swelling is found to be negative which confirms the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) exhibited in all hydrogels and the volume change transition shows the thermoresponsive behavior. The values of ∆ S mix increase and ∆ G mix decrease with increasing amount of hydrophobic NTBA content in the hydrogels. The values of free energy change of elasticity (∆ G el ) are found to be increased with increasing the hydrophobic NTBA content followed by decrease in swelling percentage. Also, the transition temperature of the hydrogel is found to be decreased with increasing the hydrophobic NTBA.