Polysaccharide-based functional materials for flexible electronics: A comprehensive review of synthesis strategies, functionalization, and applications

Polysaccharides, as abundant and renewable biopolymers, have increasingly attracted attention for their potential uses in flexible electronics due to their sustainability, adaptability, and versatile functionality. Natural polymers, including cellulose, chitosan, alginate, starch, and hemicellulose, exhibit key characteristics such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and tunable mechanical properties, making them attractive choices for advanced technological applications. Advances in chemical modification, blending, and nano structuring have led to improvements in conductivity, durability, and flexibility, broadening their use in areas such as wearable sensors, medical devices, energy storage solutions, and smart packaging. Recent research highlights strategies to overcome inherent challenges like low conductivity and sensitivity to environmental changes through innovative composite designs and hybrid systems. This review provides a comprehensive examination of synthesis methods, functionalization techniques, and application pathways for materials derived from polysaccharides within the flexible electronics domain. It also addresses challenges related to scalability, stability, and regulatory considerations. Ultimately, this review illustrates how systems based on polysaccharides can bridge sustainability with technological advancement, establishing them as crucial materials for the creation of eco-friendly, high-performance, and commercially viable flexible electronic solutions.