Fabrication and characterization of Ti–6Al–4V/Fe–48Co magnetostrictive composites via spark plasma sintering for structural health monitoring applications

Abstract In this study, Ti–6Al–4V/Fe–48Co composites were fabricated via spark plasma sintering using Ti–6Al–4V and Fe–48Co alloy powders as starting materials, to apply them to structural health monitoring (SHM). The resulting composites exhibited distinct magnetostrictive behavior, with magnetostriction values increasing as the Fe–48Co content increased. Under compressive loading, the composites showed proportional changes in magnetic flux density. Furthermore, voltage generation was confirmed under impact loading. Notably, detectable signals were observed even in composites with low Fe–48Co content, indicating the potential to achieve both high specific strength and functional sensing capability. These results suggest that Ti–6Al–4V/Fe–48Co composites are promising candidates for next-generation SHM systems.