Full utilization of noble metals by atom abstraction for propane dehydrogenation

dimers. The larger atomic radius of Sn compared with Cu drove it to the surface, and its stronger interactions with Pt abstracted Pt from the bulk. Single metallic Pt atoms were stabilized on fully open surfaces, resulting in nearly 100% surface exposure. This configuration reduced Pt usage by one order of magnitude for propane dehydrogenation and improved catalytic stability.