Recent recycling methods for spent cathode materials from lithium-ion batteries: A review

Due to limited resources and the need for environmental friendliness, much attention has been given to regenerating the cathode materials of Li-ion batteries (LIB) to meet the demands of electric vehicles. Generally, pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgy techniques are used in the industry sector to regenerate cathode materials. However, these techniques are not viable due to the high cost of regeneration materials and the production of highly toxic gases in the environment. Therefore, Alternative methods are necessary to avoid landfilling spent batteries and reclaiming metal resources. We explored environmentally friendly and cost-effective various recycling techniques for regenerating different spent cathode materials of LIB. A green, sustainable process for regenerating cathodes helps to move the LIB industry towards a circular economy rather than relying solely on resources in the industry sector.