A three-layer-feedforward BP neural network is investigated in order to solve the key problem of the determination of weights in the evaluation performance of the cleaning performance of the sugarcane harvester.The training samples of the BP neural network are made up of the orthogonal experimental data to enhance the training speed and precision.And then the connecting weights of the trained BP neural network are used to compute the weights of the target factors on the evaluation indexes.The results show that the weights determined by the BP neural network can truthfully reflex the importance of the target factors on the evaluation indexes.