A solvent-switched in situ confinement approach for immobilizing highly-active ultrafine palladium nanoparticles: boosting catalytic hydrogen evolution

A solvent-switched in situ confinement approach has been developed to synthesize highly active nanocatalysts with ultrafine and clean metal nanoparticles encapsulated within carbon nanopores, over which record-high hydrogen evolution has been achieved under heterogeneous conditions.