Schiff base-derived homogeneous and heterogeneous palladium catalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction

The ligand-assisted palladium (Pd)-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction is one of the most attractive protocols in organic chemistry and phosphines have been established as the best ligand system for this transformation. However, these phosphines have significant limitations, such as high toxicity, sensitivity to air and moisture, handling problems, and high costs. Recently, Schiff bases have been recognized as excellent alternatives to phosphines in Suzuki–Miyaura reactions. Similar to phosphines, the steric and electronic characteristics of Schiff bases can be manipulated by selecting suitable condensing aldehydes and amines. Many Schiff base-derived homogeneous and heterogeneous Pd catalysts have been reported for Suzuki–Miyaura reactions and this review provides insights into the state-of-the-art in applications of these Schiff base-derived Pd catalysts in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction.