Edible Electronics for Energy Harvesting and Antibacterial Preservation via Moisture‐Induced Ion Migration

Abstract Leveraging the property of moisture‐sensitive foods that generate freely mobile ions during hygroscopic deliquescence, an edible electronic device is proposed in which ion migration enables both self‐powering and antimicrobial preservation. When applied as a fruit coating, this edible electronic device generates directed mobile ions through moisture absorption, exhibiting a peak power density of 0.45 mW cm −3 and enabling direct energy supply for environmental sensors. Simultaneously, the numerous migrating ions interact electrostatically with the negatively charged bacterial membrane, disrupting the charge balance of the membrane, thereby maintaining effective antimicrobial preservation. This self‐powered, fully edible, water‐soluble coating extends the shelf life of fruit by 2.5 to 3.4 times, enabling the development of an intelligent food logistics system for fruit preservation and real‐time monitoring. Furthermore, only 1.5 g of low‐cost food‐based materials, when assembled into an edible circuit, can output up to 81.5 V of direct current or a peak current of 6.1 mA in air. This self‐powered edible electronic concept offers a completely green solution to energy challenges in fields such as food safety monitoring and ingestible medical devices.