A low-magnitude high-frequency vibrator utilizing a specific amplitude and frequency for bone remodeling conducive to orthodontic tooth movement

Finding a method to accelerate tooth movement is crucial to avoid the harmful effects of long-term orthodontic treatment. Low-magnitude high-frequency (LMHF) vibration may be an effective method. This study examined the effect of varying LMHF vibrator frequencies on alveolar bone during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). The OTM model was established, and an LMHF vibrator was used to apply mechanical stress (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 Hz). After Yoda1/GsMTx4TFA was periodically injected into the periodontal ligament, LMHF vibration was applied at an appropriate frequency. Micro-CT, HE staining, and IHC (Piezo1) were used to investigate the mechanism by which mechanical stress regulates alveolar bone metabolism via the Piezo1 receptor. LMHF vibration at different frequencies significantly increased the bone volume fraction (BV/TV), bone mineral density (BMD), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) of the alveolar bone in the 75-Hz group. The expression of the Piezo1 receptor also increased. The expression of the Piezo1 receptor increased in the 75-Hz + Yoda1 group, and the BMD, BV/TV, and Tb.Th increased, while the expression of the Piezo1 receptor decreased in the 75-Hz + GsMTx4TFA group as the BV/TV, BMD, and Tb.Th of the alveolar bone decreased. An appropriate LMHF (75 Hz) can promote the expression of Piezo1 receptors in the periodontal ligament and promote the osteogenesis of alveolar bone, accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.