Dramatic change of bacterial assembly process and co-occurrence pattern in Spartina alterniflora salt marsh along an inundation frequency gradient

Exotic Spartina alterniflora has become widely distributed along most of the coastlines in China in a wide range of inundation frequencies. However, the assembly processes and co-occurrence patterns of the bacterial community in S. alterniflora wetlands under different inundation frequencies remain elusive. In this study, an in-situ mesocosm was established to investigate the changes in soil bacterial community. We found that soil water content was the most decisive factor in influencing the bacterial community. Balanced variation, rather than abundance gradients, accounted for the major shifts in bacterial communities and was significantly and positively correlated with the changes in water content, suggesting that species substitution was facilitated by the increased water content. Deterministic processes were dominant in community assembly, and a large degree of change in water content increased variable selection. Co-occurrence network revealed that increasing water content significantly decreased the average degree and the relative abundance of keystone species, resulting in a network with less complexity. Structural equation modelling suggests that increasing inundation frequency has strong impacts on bacterial community, primarily by altering water content, network degree, and the relative abundance of keystone species. Overall, our results illustrate that increasing inundation frequency significantly influences the bacterial community assembly processes and co-occurrence patterns.