Effects of Arkadia on TGF-β/Smad signal transduction pathway

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional protein and regulates a wide variety of cellular bio-effects,such as proliferation,differentiation,migration and apoptosis.Studies have proven that TGF-β is one of the important cytokines that promote fibrosis,and it is confirmed to be closely related to the progression of tumor.Smad signaling is the major pathway in which TGF-β fulfills its functions.These years,it has been found that E3 ubiquitin ligases Arkadia can enhance the biological effect of TGF-β signal transduction pathway through Smad signaling pathway.Therefore,it is increasingly attracting public attention.This study will summarize the effects of Arkadia on TGF-β/Smad signal transduction pathway. Key words: Arkadia;  TGF-β signal transduction pathway;  Drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic