Colorectal surgery from antiquity to the modern era

1Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical School, 1445 Portland Avenue, 14621, Rochester, New York 2St. Jerome Hospital, Batavia, New York Note: An excellent comprehensive bibliography may be found in Meade RH12: Surgery of the large intestine. Chapt 21, 277-90. Surgery of the rectum. Chapt 23, 305-14 An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02989004.