Recent advances in continuous zirconium-based metal–organic framework membranes for high-precision separation

Zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) gradually stand out among the large family of MOFs due to exceptional water stability, abundant structure categories, and well-defined pore architecture. A high flexibility degree of structural and topological alterations in these Zr-MOFs allows fit-for-purpose regulation in their physicochemical properties and functions, which also applies to continuous Zr-based membranes. An in-depth understanding of Zr-MOF structure–property relation is of fundamental importance for constructing defect-free Zr-MOF membranes with precision-controlled aperture size and tailored functionality. Due to these intriguing attributes, significant progress has been made in designing continuous Zr-MOF membranes for on-demand precise separations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the design, synthesis, and structures of continuous Zr-MOF membranes. Representative Zr-MOFs reported for membrane fabrication are introduced in terms of organic linkers and Zr-based secondary building units, including UiO-66, NU-906, MOF-801, MOF-808, etc. Furthermore, crucial factors that strongly affect the synthesis and structure of continuous Zr-MOF membranes, such as modifiers and substrate types, are discussed. A detailed description of diverse synthesis approaches used to fabricate continuous Zr-MOF membranes is further illustrated, and the applications of Zr-MOF membranes are summarized. This review concludes by discussing the current development status, challenges, and future trends in the synthesis of continuous Zr-MOF membranes.