Ampere-level electroreduction of CO2 and CO

RR/CORR at ampere-level current densities, especially the catalytic mechanisms and the principles for catalyst design and mass transport manipulation. The strategies for catalyst design including alloying and doping, single atom effects, regulating the morphology and structure, oxidation state control, and organic molecule functionalization are reviewed together with the mass transfer manipulation through electrode engineering and electrolyzer optimization. The challenges and perspectives are discussed for further industrial development in this field.