Functional Properties of Micro–Nano Structure Surfaces Prepared by Femtosecond Laser: A Review

Preparing appropriate micro–nano structures can change surface properties, enabling them to play a significant role in industrial production. Surface wettability is one of the fundamental characteristics of solid surfaces, and different micro–nano structures and application environments can greatly affect wettability performance. Wettability can also have a certain impact on corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Frictional performance is another key characteristic of solid surfaces, and drag reduction and wear resistance are crucial for mechanical stability and durability. Therefore, research on micro–nano structured surfaces based on wettability and drag reduction and wear resistance has become a new trend. Femtosecond laser processing, with its high precision and low thermal effect, has a unique advantage in the preparation of material micro–nano structured surfaces. This article outlines the technology of femtosecond laser preparation of micro–nano structured surfaces, summarizes the current status and processing effects of femtosecond laser preparation of different morphologies of micro–nano structures, focuses on their functional characteristics, including surface wettability, biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and frictional performance, and prospects the development trend of femtosecond laser preparation of superior micro–nanostructured surfaces.