Specific immune landscape of heatstroke distinguished from sepsis and aseptic inflammation

monocyte was significantly higher than in the other three groups, and activation of antigen presentation and inhibition of chemotaxis were observed in monocytes high expressing TLR4. Both heatstroke and sepsis were characterized by lymphopenia and T cell exhaustion, with T cell exhaustion in particular potentially associated with death and organ injury in heatstroke. The decreased cytotoxic activity of NK cells was also observed in heatstroke. In conclusion, our study described the immunological characteristics of heatstroke, which provided the theoretical basis for exploring the immunotherapy of heatstroke.