Investigation on all-inorganic perovskite betavoltaic batteries based on MWCNT electrodes

Perovskite materials have been extensively studied in the field of solar cells, and inorganic perovskites, with their good environmental and radiation stability, high defect tolerance, and high carrier mobility, also have great potential for betavoltaic batteries. In this study, we analyze the potential of all-inorganic perovskite betavoltaic batteries. The metal electrode commonly used in perovskite cell devices, such as Au, has a large effect on β particle incidence. MWCNTs (multi-walled carbon nanotubes) have excellent electrical conductivity, while their loose and porous structure reduces the effect on β particle incidence, which is an ideal electrode for betavoltaic nuclear batteries. Therefore, we propose the FTO/TiO2/CsPbBr3/NiOx/MWCNT structure and explore the prospects of CsPbBr3 in betavoltaic batteries through simulations and experiments. The simulation results in an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.53 V, a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 21.53 nA cm−2, a maximum output power (Pm) of 9.05 nW cm−2, and a conversion efficiency (η) of 2.9%. The experimentally obtained Voc is 0.42 V, Jsc is 12.22 nA cm−2, Pm is 2.55 nW cm−2, and η is 0.8%. This points to the great potential of all-inorganic perovskite materials for betavoltaic batteries.