Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and the risk of post-stroke depression: A cross-sectional study

Highlights•Higher non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) was associated with the increased risk of post-stroke depression (PSD) among U.S. adults.•This study indicates that NHHR could serve as a potential biomarker for assessing the risk of PSD, providing new insights into the role of lipid metabolism in PSD.•It emphasizes the importance of lipid profile management in preventing PSD and offers a novel perspective for future prevention and treatment strategies.AbstractBackgroundLimited observational research has explored the relationship between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (NHHR) and the risk of post-stroke depression (PSD). This study aims to investigate the potential associations between NHHR and PSD.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using data from stroke participants aged 20 and older, sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005 to 2018. Depression was assessed using the PHQ-9 questionnaire. The association between NHHR and PSD risk was evaluated through weighted multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the findings.ResultsIn the continuous model, the NHHR value for the PSD group (3.23±1.84) was significantly higher than that of the non-PSD group (2.79±1.40, p=0.015). Logistic regression analysis in the fully adjusted model revealed a positive association between NHHR and PSD (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.30, p=0.016). Interaction tests showed no significant differences across strata (p > 0.05 for interaction). Restricted cubic spline results indicated a linear dose-response relationship between NHHR and PSD risk (P for non-linearity = 0.6). This association persisted in various subgroup analyses.ConclusionNHHR was significantly correlated with an increased risk of PSD among U.S. adults. Further re-search on NHHR could contribute to the prevention and treatment of PSD.