果糖激酶
葡萄糖稳态
葡萄糖激酶
变构调节
酶
生物化学
药物发现
沙沙利汀
生物
药理学
化学
糖尿病
生物技术
2型糖尿病
胰岛素
内分泌学
磷酸西他列汀
胰岛素抵抗
作者
Rachel Mata,Laura Flores‐Bocanegra,Berenice Ovalle-Magallanes,Mario Figueroa
摘要
Covering: 2000 to January 2023Diabetes is a metabolic disease of serious concern nowadays, with a negative economic impact. In 2021, the International Diabetes Federation estimated that more than 537 million adults live with diabetes, causing over 6.7 million deaths in that year. Intensive scientific research on medicinal plants in the last 100 years reveals that herbal drugs have been an essential source of products for developing antidiabetic agents acting on different physiological targets. This review summarizes recent research from 2000 to 2022 on plant natural compounds affecting selected crucial enzymes (dipeptidyl peptidase IV, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, fructose 1,6-biphosphatase, glucokinase, and fructokinase) involved in glucose homeostasis. Enzyme-aimed treatments usually induce reversible inhibition, irreversible by covalent changes of the objective enzymes, or bind non-covalently but so tightly that their inhibition is irreversible. Depending on the binding site, these inhibitors could be orthosteric or allosteric; in any case, the desired pharmacological action is achieved. One crucial advantage of targeting enzymes in drug discovery is that the required assays are usually simple, using biochemical experiments capable of analyzing enzyme activity.
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