Recent advances in the application of ionic liquid-modified silica gel in solid-phase extraction

• The preparation of ionic liquids on silica gel is summarized. • Various methods for immobilization of ionic liquids onto silica are categorized. • The use of ionic liquids immobilized silica in solid-phase extraction is discussed. • The current state of these materials in various sample applications is highlighted. Functional material ionic liquids have received attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In the last decade, silica-supported ionic liquids have been developed by grafting ionic liquids onto silica gel, which can be used as a stationary phase for solid-phase extraction. These materials favorably combine the unique properties of ionic liquids with the benefits of a silica support. In this review, we summarize recent developments and give an overview of silica-supported ionic liquids in solid-phase extraction for sample preparation. This review focuses on the synthetic methods for preparing ionic liquids grafted onto silica gel and discusses the application of the stationary phase in solid-phase extraction from many aspects and prospects for its future development.