Recent progress in two-dimensional nanomaterials of graphene and MXenes for thermal camouflage

Thermal camouflage is one of the most effective ways to guarantee the security and survival of military objects against infrared (IR) detectors. However, with the rapid development of IR detection technology, the IR thermal camouflage of objects and weapons has become more and more difficult, and advanced thermal camouflage materials are urgently needed to meet the demands of warfare. So far, two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have demonstrated excellent performances with low IR emissivity, optoelectronic tunability, and compatible stealth capabilities. Among them, graphene and MXenes are the most attractive 2D materials used for thermal camouflage applications. Here we present a review of recent progress on the thermal camouflage properties of graphene and Ti3C2Tx MXene in the form of composite film, microcapsule and aerogel structures, a summary of current understanding of the working principle of thermal camouflage materials, and current limitations and future opportunities in graphene and Ti3C2Tx MXene research and development.