Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on salivary resistin and chemerin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis

A bidirectional relationship is seen between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. Adipokines like resistin and chemerin act as a proinflammatory molecule. Their action is mediated by the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the stimulation of inflammatory cell chemotaxis to the site of inflammation. This study aimed to compare the levels of resistin and chemerin in saliva in diabetes mellitus type 2 and chronic periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Forty-five subjects were recruited and divided into three groups – healthy controls (Group A), chronic periodontitis (Group B) and diabetes mellitus type 2 with chronic periodontitis (Group C). Group B and C received NSPT. The parameters included were gingival index, plaque index, clinical attachment loss and probing pocket depth which were evaluated at baseline and end of three months. Levels of resistin and chemerin in saliva were evaluated using resistin and chemerin enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. At 3 months, PI, GI, PPD and CAL was reduced statistically significant in B and C groups as compared PI and GI of group A. Salivary resistin and chemerin levels were also reduced significantly in all three groups except chemerin in group A. Mean salivary resistin and chemerin levels at baseline were highest in group C followed by group B and least in group A. Non-surgical periodontal therapy reduces all clinical variables, resistin and chemerin levels. Salivary resistin and chemerin levels can be used as a likely biomarker to assess the outcome following NSPT.