Mechanism and treatment of pancreatic duct stones

Pancreatic duct stones (PDS) pose substantial therapeutic challenges owing to their tendency to induce recurrent pain and discomfort via mechanical irritation and ductal obstruction, resulting in a marked decline in patients’ quality of life. The pathogenesis of pancreatic duct calculi remains incompletely understood due to its multifactorial and intricate nature. Advances in minimally invasive endoscopic interventions have broadened the available treatment modalities for PDS. This review summarizes current perspectives on the mechanisms driving stone formation alongside evolving therapeutic strategies.