Nanozymes: new strategy for the management drug-induced acute liver injury

Nanozymes, characterized by their multiple enzymatic activities, have emerged as powerful tools for scavenging free radicals, offering robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Their straightforward synthesis, high stability, and versatile applications have made them increasingly prominent in biomedical research. Drug-induced acute liver injury (DIALI) has become a significant contributor to acute liver injury, primarily driven by the excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the generation of inflammatory factors, and the induction of macrophage polarization, ultimately leading to hepatocyte death. Nanozymes, with their unique ability to scavenge ROS and mitigate inflammation, present a promising therapeutic strategy for DIALI. In this review, we provide an in-depth exploration of the mechanisms underlying DIALI and a comprehensive summary of nanozyme-based therapeutic approaches. This includes nanozymes composed of various metallic and non-metallic elements, targeted delivery systems, and surface modification strategies. Furthermore, we discuss the current challenges and future prospects of nanozymes in the treatment of DIALI, highlighting their potential to revolutionize the management of this condition.