An instance-based deep transfer learning method for quality identification of Longjing tea from multiple geographical origins

Abstract For practitioners, it is very crucial to realize accurate and automatic vision-based quality identification of Longjing tea. Due to the high similarity between classes, the classification accuracy of traditional image processing combined with machine learning algorithm is not satisfactory. High-performance deep learning methods require large amounts of annotated data, but collecting and labeling massive amounts of data is very time consuming and monotonous. To gain as much useful knowledge as possible from related tasks, an instance-based deep transfer learning method for the quality identification of Longjing tea is proposed. The method mainly consists of two steps: (i) The MobileNet V2 model is trained using the hybrid training dataset containing all labeled samples from source and target domains. The trained MobileNet V2 model is used as a feature extractor, and (ii) the extracted features are input into the proposed multiclass TrAdaBoost algorithm for training and identification. Longjing tea images from three geographical origins, West Lake, Qiantang, and Yuezhou, are collected, and the tea from each geographical origin contains four grades. The Longjing tea from West Lake is regarded as the source domain, which contains more labeled samples. The Longjing tea from the other two geographical origins contains only limited labeled samples, which are regarded as the target domain. Comparative experimental results show that the method with the best performance is the MobileNet V2 feature extractor trained with a hybrid training dataset combined with multiclass TrAdaBoost with linear support vector machine (SVM). The overall Longjing tea quality identification accuracy is 93.6% and 91.5% on the two target domain datasets, respectively. The proposed method can achieve accurate quality identification of Longjing tea with limited samples. It can provide some heuristics for designing image-based tea quality identification systems.