Spreading evolution of a linear phase-locked hollow beam array in atmospheric turbulence

Based on the generalized Huygens–Fresnel principle, propagation characteristics of a linear phase-locked hollow beam (PLHB) array propagating through atmospheric turbulence are investigated. Analytical expressions of the average intensity and mean-squared beam width of the PLHB array are derived. It is shown that propagation properties of a PLHB array are related to the initial beam parameters (i.e., number of beamlets, size of beam waist, range of wavelength) of the PLHB array and the strength of turbulence. These findings may provide potential applications in free-space optical communications, lidar, remote sensing, and related fields.