Hormesis in plants: Its common occurrence across stresses

In recent years, evidence for plant hormesis has been rapidly accumulating. However, many dimensions of hormesis induced by low-dose stressors with various mechanisms underlying their effects on plant metabolism remain insufficiently studied. This prevents the widespread use of hormesis to increase the resistance and productivity in plants. This review provides an overview of the most important issues of plant hormesis induced by various low-dose stressors, which include (1) hormesis occurrence, (2) the mechanistic foundations of hormesis and their significance to preconditioning, and (3) hormetic transgenerational effects. In addition, the review examines the main gaps and directions in these issues of plant hormesis.