Adiponectin is one of the novel adipocytokines participates in the development of insulin resistance which is the common pathological basis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome.Numerous studies have demonstrated that adiponectin is significantly correlated with the development of insulin resistance.It can ameliorate insulin sensitivity,improves glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo.The levels of adiponectin in vivo could predict the development of insulin resistance.Simultaneously,various of methods could ameliorate insulin resistance by increasing the levels of adiponectin in vivo in Traditional Chinese Medicine.Discovery of adiponectin provides a new idea for the theoretical studies and clinical preventions to insulin resistance.