Enrofloxacin induces intestinal disorders of metabolome and microbiome in American shad ( Alosa sapidissima )

Enrofloxacin (ENR) has been often detected in the environment and organisms due to its widespread use in aquaculture, medical cosmetology and animal husbandry. Though the effects of ENR exposure on the gut microbiome of aquaculture fish have been reported, there is little information on the long-term impact on adult American shad. In this study, ENR (100 mg/kg) exposed to American shad for 30 days. Then, we monitored the alterations in the gut microbiome, the responses on metabolomic and the change in the body weight. ENR exposure affected the composition of the gut microbiota community and altered community diversity. The LC-MS analysis showed the changes in several metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism, the cellular process pathways, immune system and amino acid metabolism pathway. These metabolic pathways were related to increasing body weight gain through fat accumulation. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that ENR exposure can increase the body weight in American shad and yield new information on the effects of ENR exposure on the aquatic system.