Clinical Safety and Efficacy of Locoregional Therapy Combined with Adoptive Transfer of Allogeneic γδ T Cells for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

To investigate the safety and efficacy of locoregional therapy plus adoptive transfer of allogeneic gamma delta (γδ) T cells for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).Thirty patients with HCC and 29 patients with ICC were randomly assigned to receive locoregional therapy (HCC, Group A, n = 15; ICC, Group C, n = 15) or locoregional therapy plus γδ T cell therapy (HCC, Group B, n = 15; ICC, Group D, n = 14). Groups A and C only received locoregional ablation (cryoablation or irreversible electroporation), whereas Groups B and D received locoregional therapy followed by adoptive transfer of allogeneic γδ T cells. The primary endpoints were safety, distant progression-free survival (PFS), local PFS, and overall survival (OS).The median distant PFS was significantly longer in the combined treatment groups than the locoregional treatment groups (HCC: 8 vs 4 months, P = .04; ICC: 8 vs 4 months, P = .021). There was no significant difference in local PFS between the 2 treatment modalities. Patients with HCC in the combined treatment group had a longer OS (median OS: 13 vs 8 months, P = .029). However, there was no significant difference in OS in patients with ICC between the 2 treatment modalities (median OS: 9.5 vs 8 months, P = .546). All adverse events were manageable with no significant difference in incidence between groups.The novel combination of locoregional ablation with adoptive transfer of allogeneic γδ cells was safe, with encouraging clinical efficacy against HCC and ICC.