Obesity-related indices and its association with kidney stone disease: a cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study

Obesity increases the risk of several diseases, including kidney stone disease (KSD). The study aimed to explore the relationship between KSD and various obesity-related indices. A total of 121,605 participants in the Taiwan Biobank from December 2008 to February 2020 were analyzed. The association between self-reported history of KSD and eight obesity-related indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), abdominal volume index (AVI), body roundness index (BRI), conicity index, and triglyceride glucose index was examined in cross-sectional analysis; additionally, the risk of developing kidney stones was analyzed in a longitudinal cohort of 25,268 participants without KSD at baseline, which was a subset of the main cohort. Of all participants, 77,904 (64.1%) were female. Overall, 10.7% of males and 4.0% of females had KSD. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression showed that all obesity-related indices were significantly associated with KSD. During a mean follow-up of 47 months, kidney stones occurred in 642 (2.5%) participants, and after adjusting for confounders, the risk of developing kidney stones was higher in participants with higher BMI, WC, WHtR, WHR, AVI and BRI. BMI, WC, WHtR, WHR, AVI, and BRI were found to be associated with a higher prevalence of kidney stones as well as development of incident kidney stones, which could be used as predictive factors for development of KSD in clinical practice.