In Vivo Investigation of Noncontact Rapid Photothermal Hemostasis on Venous and Arterial Bleeding

Objective: Endoscopic surgical procedures rigorously underscore the significance of rapid hemostasis for unavoidable intraoperative bleeding, requiring advancement of the immediate hemostatic interventions for favorable clinical outcomes. Here, we report the efficacy of a new optical treatment with dual-wavelengths to develop an endoscopic hemostasis method. Methods: we combine visible (20-W 532 nm at 1.1 kW/cm ² ) and near-infrared (40-W 980 nm at 2.2 kW/cm ² ) wavelengths for facilitating noncontact thermal hemostasis on venous and arterial bleeders in in vivo leporine models. Results: Simultaneous irradiation of 60-W dual-wavelengths allows for an increased irradiance of 3.3 kW/cm ² , involving both rapid light absorption by hemoglobin and deep thermal penetration. The collective thermal effects from the combined wavelengths contribute to a significant reduction in coagulation time and a high success rate of complete hemostasis for both venous and arterial bleeders. The enhanced hemostatic potential of the dual-wavelengths treatment accompanies minimal hemorrhage, reduces inflammatory responses, and facilitates re-epithelialization. Conclusion: The proposed dual-wavelengths method can achieve rapid and complete hemostasis for endoscopic procedures. Significance: We present the high-irradiance photothermal treatment using the dual-wavelengths as a novel method to regulate venous and arterial bleeding and potentially as a rapid noncontact hemostasis option to mitigate the risk associated with significant blood loss.