Case Report: A Novel EIF2B3 Pathogenic Variant in Central Nervous System Hypomyelination/Vanishing White Matter

Leukodystrophies are a group of heterogeneous disorders affecting brain myelin. Among those, childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination/vanishing white matter (CACH/VWM) is one of the more common inherited leukodystrophies. Pathogenic variants in one of the genes encoding five subunits of EIF2B are associated with CACH/VWM. Herein, we presented a case of CACH/VWM who developed ataxia following a minor head injury. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive white matter signal abnormality. Diagnosis of CACH/VWM was confirmed by the presence of compound heterozygous variants in EIF2B3 : the previously known pathogenic variant c c.260C>T ( p .Ala87Val) and the novel variant c.673C>T ( p .Arg225Trp). Based on the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) recommendations, we classified p .Arg225Trp as likely pathogenic. We report a novel variant in a patient with CACH/VWM and highlight the importance of genetic testing in patients with leukodystrophies.